Cell: The Unit of Life

In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cell is

1. plasma membrane
2. nucleus
3. ribosomes
4. cell wall

Which one of the following organisms is not a eukaryote?

1. Paramecium caudatum
2. Escherichia coli
3. Euglena viridis
4. Amoeba proteus

Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in :

1. Chromoplast
2. Ribosomes
3. Chloroplast
4. Mitochondria

Important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is :

1. Plastid
2. Lysosome
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Vacuole

An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures present in the cytoplasm which helps in the maintenance of cell shape is called -

1. Cytoskeleton
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Thylakoid
4. Plasmalemma

Identify the components labelled A, B, C and D in the diagram below from the list (i) to (viii) given along with – [Figure] Components : (i) Cristae of mitochondria (ii) Inner membrane of mitochondria (iii) Cytoplasm (iv) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (v) Rough endoplasmic reticulum (vi) Mitochondrial matrix (vii) Cell vacuole (viii) Nucleus The correct components are :

1. (A) (v), (B) (iv), (C) (viii), (D) (iii)
2. (A) (i), (B) (iv), (C) (viii), (D) (vi)
3. (A) (v), (B) (i), (C) (iii), (D) (ii)
4. (A) (vi), (B) (v), (C) (iv), (D) (vii)

Membrane-bound organelles are absent in

1. Saccharomyces
2. Streptococcus
3. Chlamydomonas
4. Plasmodium

Algae have cell wall made up of:

1. cellulose, galactans and mannans
2. hemicellulose, pectins and proteins
3. pectins, cellulose and proteins
4. cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins

The plasma membrane consists mainly of –

1. proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer
2. phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer
3. proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
4. proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules

The main area of various types of activities of a cell is –

1. Cytoplasm
2. Plasma membrane
3. Nucleus
4. Mitochondrion

Which one of the following has its own DNA?

1. Dictyosome
2. Mitochondria
3. Peroxisome
4. Lysosome

Which one of the following structures between two adjacent cells is an effective transport pathway?

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Plasmodesmata
3. Plasmalemma
4. Plastoquinones

Middle lamella is composed mainly of :

1. Calcium pectate
2. Phosphoglycerides
3. Muramic acid
4. Hemicellulose

Cytoskeleton is made up of :

1. Cellulose microfibrils
2. Proteinaceous filaments
3. Calcium carbonate granules
4. Callose deposits

Plasmodesmata are :

1. Locomotory structures
2. Connection between adjacent cells
3. Membranes connecting the nucleus with plasmalemma
4. Lignified cemented layers between cells

Polysome is formed by

1. several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
2. many ribosomes attached to a strand of endoplasmic reticulum
3. a ribosome with several subunits
4. ribosomes attached to each other in a linear arrangement

In germinating seeds fatty acids are degraded exclusively in the:

1. proplastids
2. peroxisomes
3. glyoxysomes
4. mitochondria

Vacuole in a plant cell:

1. is membrane-bound and contains storage proteins and lipids
2. is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances
3. lacks membrane and contains air
4. lacks membrane and contains water and excretory substances

The two sub-units of ribosome remain united at a critical ion level of:

1. magnesium
2. manganese
3. calcium
4. copper

Keeping in view the "fluid mosaic model" for the structure of cell membrane, which one of the following statements is correct with respect to the movement of lipids and proteins from one lipid monolayer to the other (described as flip-flop movement)?

1. Both lipids and proteins can flip-flop
2. While lipids can rarely flip-flop proteins cannot
3. While proteins can flip-flop, lipids cannot
4. neither lipids, nor proteins can flip-flop

Which one of the following is not a constituent of cell membrane?

1. Glycolipids
2. Proline
3. Phospholipids
4. Cholesterol

Select the wrong statement from the following:

1. The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria
2. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA
3. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane
4. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondrial membrane is not correct ?

1. The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings
2. The outer membrane resembles a sieve
3. The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules
4. The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane

Which of the following statements regarding cilia is not correct ?

1. Microtubules of cilia are composed of tubulin
2. The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane
3. Cilia are hair-like cellular appendages
4. Cilia contain an outer ring of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two single microtubules

A major breakthrough in the studies of cells came with the development of electron microscope. This is because

1. Electron beam can pass through thick materials, whereas light microscopy requires thin sections
2. The resolution power of the electron microscope is much higher than that of the light microscope
3. The electron microscope is more powerful than the light microscope as it uses a beam of electrons which has wavelength much longer than that of photons
4. The resolving power of the electron microscope is 200-350 nm as compared to 0.1-0.2 nm for the light microscope

According to widely accepted "fluid mosaic model" cell membranes are semi-fluid, where lipids and integral proteins can diffuse randomly. In recent years, this model has been modified in several respects. In this regard, which of the following statements is incorrect ?

1. Proteins in cell membranes can travel within the lipid bilayer
2. Proteins can also undergo flip-flop movements in the lipid bilayer
3. Proteins can remain confined within certain domains of the membranes
4. Many proteins remain completely embedded within the lipid bilayer

The main organelle involved in modification and routing of newly synthesized proteins to their destinations is -

1. Mitochondria
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Chloroplast
4. Lysosome

In chloroplasts, chlorophyll is present in the :-

1. Outer membrane
2. Inner membrane
3. Thylakoids
4. Stroma

Chromosomes in a bacterial cell can be 1–3 in number and

1. are always circular
2. are always linear
3. can be either circular or linear, but never both within the same cell
4. can be circular as well as linear within the same cell.

In bacteria, plasmid is

1. extra chromosomal material
2. main DNA
3. non functional DNA
4. repetitive gene.