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Principles of Inheritance and Variation

NEET (UG) 2026MCQEasy📈 Topic in 50% papers+4−1
Ques. 1NEET (UG) 2026

Which one of the following disorders is caused by the substitution of Glutamic acid (Glu) by Valine (Val) at the sixth position of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule ?

  1. Phenylketonuria
  2. Haemophilia
  3. Sickle-cell anaemia
  4. Thalassemia

Answer

(3) Sickle-cell anaemia

Solution

Sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder.

As per NCERT, it is caused by the substitution of glutamic acid (Glu) by valine (Val) at the sixth position of the β-globin chain of haemoglobin.

∵ The single base substitution changes the codon GAG to GUG.

⇒ The mutant haemoglobin polymerises under low oxygen tension ⇒ RBCs change from biconcave disc to elongated sickle-like shape.

Answer: (3)

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Ques. 2NEET (UG) 2026

Match List I with List II :

  1. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
  2. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
  3. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
  4. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
Ques. 3NEET (UG) 2026

What is the probability of having children with 'O' blood group, where both mother and father are heterozygous for 'A' and 'B' blood group, respectively ?

  1. 0%
  2. 50%
  3. 25%
  4. 75%
Ques. 4NEET (UG) 2026

The sixth mutant codon of beta globin gene causing polymerization of Haemoglobin and change in RBC shape is .

  1. CAG
  2. AUG
  3. GUG
  4. GAG
Ques. 5NEET (UG) 2026

In a population of a grasshopper species, the chromosome number of some members is 23 and some other members possess 24 chromosomes. The 23 and 24 chromosome-bearing members in this species are .

  1. females and males, respectively
  2. males and females, respectively
  3. all males
  4. all females
Ques. 6RE-NEET (UG) 2026

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

  1. A is not correct but R is correct
  2. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
  3. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
  4. A is correct but R is not correct
Ques. 7RE-NEET (UG) 2026

For a person with blood group 'O', which of the following is not a possible combination of parents' blood group genotypes?

  1. Father : IA IB and Mother : IA i
  2. Father : IA i and Mother : IA i
  3. Father : IA i and Mother : IB i
  4. Father : IB i and Mother : IB i
Ques. 8RE-NEET (UG) 2026

Given below are two statements: In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  3. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
  4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Ques. 9NEET (UG) 2025

What is the pattern of inheritance for polygenic trait?

  1. Autosomal dominant pattern
  2. X-linked recessive inheritance pattern
  3. Mendelian inheritance pattern
  4. Non-Mendelian inheritance pattern
Ques. 10NEET (UG) 2025

With the help of given pedigree, find out the probability for the birth of a child having no disease and being a carrier (has the disease mutation in one allele of the gene) in F3 generation. [figure]

  1. 1/8
  2. Zero
  3. 1/4
  4. 1/2
Ques. 11NEET (UG) 2025

Genes R and Y follow independent assortment. If RRYY produce round yellow seeds and rryy produce wrinkled green seeds, what will be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

  1. Phenotypic ratio - 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
  2. Phenotypic ratio - 9 : 7
  3. Phenotypic ratio - 1 : 2 : 1
  4. Phenotypic ratio - 3 : 1

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